先备份apt源配置
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old
编辑sources.list文件
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
Debian 12/Bookworm
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main non-free-firmware deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main non-free-firmware deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main non-free-firmware deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main non-free-firmware deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware
Debian 11/Bullseye
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main
如果需要 contrib 、 non-free 和 non-free-firmware 组件，请在 main 之后添加 contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Debian 12/Bookworm
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Debian 11/Bullseye，无 non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
如果需要 Backports、contrib 和非自由组件
Debian 12/Bookworm，请添加bookworm-backports
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Debian 11/Bullseye，请添加bullseye-backports
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
其它更多请参考官方说明：
https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList